The interiors of rocky planets and moons tend to be pretty hot compared with their surfaces. This heat, which can be caused by a number of sources — such as tidal stretching and compression, the ...

About 150 million years ago, a massive tectonic mega-plate stretched across the Earth, spanning roughly a quarter of the size of the Pacific Ocean. Its jagged contours ran all the way through the ...

Earth’s crust looks solid from the surface, but it is broken into a shifting mosaic of slabs that slowly rearrange oceans and continents. Understanding how those tectonic plates first formed is one of ...

For decades, climate science has treated Earth’s shifting crust as a slow, distant backdrop to the drama of global warming.

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The number varies from a dozen to almost 100 — and most of these don't even appear on official maps. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Here’s how it ...